Reference soil United States of America 04: Acrisol

US004

Acrisols occur dominantly in the wetter parts of the tropics and subtropics and the warm temperate regions in relatively young landscapes.

Characteristics

Soils having an argic horizon (a subsurface horizon with distinct higher clay content than the overlying horizon), which has a cation exchange capacity of less than 24 cmolc per kg in some part, either starting within 100 cm from the soil surface, or within 200 cm from the soil surface if the argic horizon is overlain by loamy sand or coarser textures throughout. They have a base saturation (total amount of Ca, Mg, K and Na with respect to the cation exchange capacity) of less than 50 percent in the major part between 25 and 100 cm from the soil surface

Distribution of Acrisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil US004: Acrisols

Classification

WRB 1998

Abrupti-Albic- Acrisol (Ferric)

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Albi-Ferric Acrisol

Ferric Acrisol

Local classification:	Norfolk sandy loam

Other classification

USDA-NRCS (1999)	Typic Paleudult
USDA-SCS (1975)	Typic Paleudult udic fine-loamy siliceous thermic

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-20	-	3.9	19.4	30.2	22.5	7.2	83.2	5.3	8.4	13.7	3.2
20-41	-	4	20.3	29.1	19.9	6.3	79.6	5.9	11.3	17.2	3.2
41-48	-	6.1	17.1	20.3	13.3	4.4	61.2	3.7	9.9	13.6	25.1
48-79	-	6.9	16.3	17.5	11.7	3.8	56.2	3.3	8	11.3	32.5
79-132	4	9.5	19.1	20	11.9	3.7	64.2	3.4	3.8	7.2	28.5
132-165	3	9.8	23.4	26	13.2	3.1	75.5	3.9	2.5	6.4	18.2

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-20	-	-	-	-	3.2
20-41	-	-	-	-	3.2
41-48	-	-	-	-	25.1
48-79	-	-	-	-	32.5
79-132	-	-	-	-	28.5
132-165	-	-	-	-	18.2

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-20	5.6	4.4	0.08	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
20-41	5.8	4.5	0.04	-	0.13	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
41-48	4.8	4.0	0.41	-	0.26	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
48-79	5.3	4.1	0.07	-	0.27	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
79-132	4.9	4.1	0.1	-	0.07	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
132-165	5.1	3.9	0.06	-	0.05	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
20-41	-	-	-	0.5	-	-	-
41-48	-	-	-	0.9	-	-	-
48-79	-	-	-	0.9	-	-	-
79-132	-	-	-	0.2	-	-	-
132-165	-	-	-	0.2	-	-	-

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-20	-	-	-	0.07	0	0.11	0.07	0.04	0.08	-	0.03
20-41	-	-	-	0.03	0	0.08	0.02	0.03	0.05	-	0.02
41-48	-	-	-	0.09	0	1.02	0.27	0.33	0.29	-	0.02
48-79	-	-	-	0.12	0.01	1.52	0.39	0.23	0.4	-	0.04
79-132	-	-	-	0.11	0	1.6	0.35	0.03	0.11	-	0.03
132-165	-	-	-	0.06	0	0.69	0.14	0.02	0.04	-	0.02

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-20	weak	-	weak	very weak to weak	-	-	weak to medium	-	weak to medium	very strong	-	-
20-41	weak	-	weak	very weak to weak	-	-	weak to medium	-	weak to medium	very strong	-	very weak to weak
41-48	-	-	weak to medium	very weak to weak	-	-	medium to strong	-	strong	strong	-	very weak to weak
48-79	-	-	weak to medium	very weak to weak	-	-	medium to strong	-	strong	weak to medium	-	very weak to weak
79-132	-	-	weak to medium	very weak to weak	-	-	strong	-	strong	very weak to weak	-	very weak
132-165	-	-	weak to medium	very weak to weak	-	-	strong to very strong	-	medium to strong	very weak to weak	-	very weak

Profile description

Ap 0-23 cm	greyish brown (10YR 5/2, moist)loamy sand,weak fine and medium granular,very friable,few fine and medium roots,clear smooth boundary to,
E 23-36 cm	light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4, moist)loamy sand,weak medium granular,very friable,few fine and medium roots,clear smooth boundary to,
Bt1 36-43 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/6, moist)sandy loam,weak medium subangular blocky,friable,few fine and medium roots,clear wavy boundary to,
Bt2 43-97 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/6, moist)sandy clay loam,weak medium subangular blocky,friable,patchy thin clay on pedfaces cutans,many fine pores and many pores,gradual wavy boundary to,
Bt3 97-147 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/6, moist)sandy clay loam,weak medium subangular blocky,friable,few fine faint mottles (10YR 6/3) and few fine faint mottles (5YR 5/8),patchy thin clay on pedfaces cutans,gradual wavy boundary to,
Bt4 147-178 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/6, moist)sandy clay loam,weak medium subangular blocky,friable,common medium distinct mottles (10YR 6/3) and common medium distinct mottles (5YR 5/8),few soft ferruginous nodules,broken non-cemented plinthite pans,gradual wavy boundary to,
178-208 cm	brownish yellow (10YR 6/6, moist)sandy clay loam,weak medium subangular blocky,friable,many heterogeneous prominent mottles (7.5YR 5/6) and many heterogeneous prominent mottles (5YR 5/8),few soft ferruginous nodules,broken weakly cemented plinthite pans,gradual wavy boundary to,
C 208-250 cm	red (2.5YR 4/8, moist)sandy clay loam,massive,friable,many heterogeneous prominent mottles (7.5YR 5/8) and many heterogeneous prominent mottles (10YR 5/1),

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	mixed lithology and composition
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	marine sediments
Remarks on Parent Materials	medium to moderately fine textured Coastal Plain sediments
Texture of parent material (second entry)	loamy
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock	partially or moderately

Major crops	crops (unspecified)
Land improvements ; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	land clearing
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	arable farming
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	NATIVE VEGETATION: pines and mixed hardwoods
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	semi-deciduous forest

Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	coastal plain
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
(Estimated) maximum (lower) depth to groundwater table	180cm
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	apparent
(Estimated) minimum (upper) depth to groundwater table	120cm
Moist From - To	0-250cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	moderate
Estimated run off (class)	medium

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Reference soil United States of America 04: Acrisol

Characteristics

Reference soil US004: Acrisols

Classification